Given this broad age range and the marginally significantly association between age and overall RAT performance (r=.21, p=.07), we controlled for age in all analyses. Ethnicity (Caucasian vs. all others) and gender (male vs. female) did not moderate any of the primary study results (see Tables 1 and 2). Participants provided written informed consent and then completed an experiment ostensibly about intelligence and performance. Advances in experimental social psychology, 21, 261-302, Cohen, G. L., & Sherman, D. K. (2007). J Pers Soc Psychol. 3. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Performed the experiments: JMD. There is thus some fungibility in the sources of self-integrity. A one-way ANCOVA confirmed that the self-affirmation group (M=22.97, SD=1.38) rated the value as significantly more important than did the control group (M=15.13, SD=3.69), F(1, 71)=142.6, p<.001, 2=.671, indicating success of the value-affirmation manipulation. Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Affiliation: Sherman DK, Cohen GL, Nelson LD, Nussbaum AD, Bunyan DP, Garcia J. J Pers Soc Psychol. Results suggest that group identification plays a role in whether people use an avoidance or challenge strategy in coping with collective threat and implications for theories of social identity and stigmatization are discussed. [13] Seventh grade students took part in a two-year study. Engaging in spontaneous self-affirmation was related to greater happiness, hopefulness, optimism, subjective health, and personal health efficacy, and less anger and sadness. The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. Walking the tightrope between feeling good and being accurate: mood as a resource in processing persuasive messages. Advances in experimental social psychology, 38, 183-242. Like other interventions and experiences, self-affirmations can have lasting benefits when they touch off a cycle of adaptive potential, a positive feedback loop between the self-system and the social system that propagates adaptive outcomes over time.
375-397). After completing the performance task, the evaluator left the room and the experimenter re-entered and indicated that the participant was to rest quietly (5 minute recovery period). As shown in Table 4 and noted above, approximately half the self-affirmation condition participants wrote about relations with friends and family, whereas control condition participants wrote about a heterogeneous set of values. Self-affirmed individuals are also more likely to acknowledge their own personal responsibility (and their groups collective responsibility) for defeat. #1 Ranked Value selected by participants according to self-affirmation condition and chronic stress level (as determined by median split). 0000003179 00000 n
The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory D.D. Why do people resist evidence that challenges the validity of longheld beliefs? The list typically includes the following value domains: aesthetic, social, political, religious, economic, and theoretical values. Error bars reflect standard errors of the mean. Specifically, we did not observe a significant main effect for self-affirmation condition (F(1, 67)=.36 p=.55, 2=.01) or chronic stress (F(1,66)=.09, p=.77, 2=.001). Janine M. Dutcher, Simpson " trial of the century " in the mid-1990s captured the attention of the American populace more than any other public spectacle since the kidnaping of the Lindberg baby in. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Affiliation: Google Scholar Reed, M.B., & Aspinwall, L.G. All participants collected urine samples for 24 hours two weeks prior to their midterm (baseline) as well as for the 24 hours prior to their midterm examination so levels their catecholamine levels could be measured.