[99] Between 1900 and 1960, other authors such as Albert Camus, Franz Kafka, Rainer Maria Rilke, T. S. Eliot, Hermann Hesse, Luigi Pirandello,[36][37][39][100][101][102] Ralph Ellison,[103][104][105][106] and Jack Kerouac composed literature or poetry that contained, to varying degrees, elements of existential or proto-existential thought. According to Albert Camus, the world or the human being is not in itself absurd. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In English, it is often distinguished from its antecedent by being pronounced in its original French form, approximately "Ante-GN." [71] A dramatist as well as a philosopher, Marcel found his philosophical starting point in a condition of metaphysical alienation: the human individual searching for harmony in a transient life. What sets the existentialist notion of despair apart from the conventional definition is that existentialist despair is a state one is in even when they are not overtly in despair. For the logical sense of the term, see, For the philosophical position commonly seen as the antonym of existentialism, see, (Dictionary) "L'existencialisme" see "l'identit de la personne". Human beings, through their own consciousness, create their own values and determine a meaning to their life. Authenticity involves the idea that one has to "create oneself" and live in accordance with this self. Another aspect of facticity is that it entails angst. But the reversal of a metaphysical statement remains a metaphysical statement. Sartre reverses this statement. "[20] For others, existentialism need not involve the rejection of God, but rather "examines mortal man's search for meaning in a meaningless universe," considering less "What is the good life?" Why Growth Mindset Is Needed With AI - 10 Examples of Carol - Forbes Sartre wrote No Exit in 1944, an existentialist play originally published in French as Huis Clos (meaning In Camera or "behind closed doors"), which is the source of the popular quote, "Hell is other people." One of the most prolific writers on techniques and theory of existentialist psychology in the US is Irvin D. Yalom. While one can take measures to remove an object of fear, for angst no such "constructive" measures are possible. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Basic Principles of Existentialism - Samploon.com He is then filled with shame for he perceives himself as he would perceive someone else doing what he was doingas a Peeping Tom. Many existentialists considered traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in style and content, to be too abstract and removed from concrete human experience. The concept only emerges through the juxtaposition of the two; life becomes absurd due to the incompatibility between human beings and the world they inhabit. One such source is the subjectivism of the 4th5th-century theologian St. Augustine, who exhorted others not to go outside themselves in the quest for truth, for it is within them that truth abides.